Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 6 de 6
Filter
1.
West Indian med. j ; 62(1): 12-20, Jan. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045581

ABSTRACT

The rationale of this study was to use several immunological assays to investigate the reactivity of immunoglobulin binding protein (IBP) to immunoglobulins from various avian and mammalian species. The IBP studied were Staphylococcal protein A (SpA), Streptococcal protein G (SpG), Peptostreptococcal protein L (SpL) and recombinant protein LA (SpLA). The various immunological techniques used were double immunodiffusion (Ouchterlony technique) that tested positive high protein reactivities, direct and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) that tested moderate and low positive protein binding capacities, respectively. In addition to sandwich ELISAs, immunoblot analyses and Ig-purification by SpA-affinity chromatography, which were sensitive tests and helpful in the screening and confirmatory tests were also used. The Ouchterlony technique showed that compared to the other proteins, SpLA had the highest range of reactivity with animal sera and purified immunoglobulins while SpL was least reactive. With the direct ELISA, SpL reacted with the raccoon sera, rabbit IgG and with IgY from bantam hens and pigeons. While with the direct ELISA, SpA reacted with sera from skunk, coyote, raccoon, mule, donkey and human. The sandwich ELISA revealed high reactivity of both SpG and SpLA with mammalian sera titres ranging from 1:32 (raccoon serum) to 1:1024 (mule and donkey sera).These results suggest that IBP can be used for the detection of immunoglobulin using various immunological assays and this is important for the diagnosis of infectious diseases in animal and bird populations studied and in the purification of immunoglobulins.


El fundamento de este estudio radica en el uso de varios ensayos inmunológicos para investigar la reactividad de la proteína de unión de la inmunoglobulina (IBP) frente a las inmunoglobulinas de varias especies aviarias y mamíferas. Las proteínas IBP estudiadas fueron la proteína estafilocócica A (SpA), la proteína estreptocócica G (SpG), la proteína peptoestreptocócica L (SpL), y la proteína recombinante LA (SpLA). Las varias técnicas inmunológicas usadas fueron: la inmunodifusión doble (técnica de Ouchterlony) para examinar las reactividades positivas de la proteína alta; el ensayo por inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas(ELISA), de tipo directo y competitivo, para examinar la capacidad de realizar uniones positivas de proteína moderada y baja, respectivamente, además del ensayo ELISA 'Sándwich', los análisis inmunoblot, yla purificación de IgG, mediante cromatografía de afinidad, los cuales fueron pruebas sensibles y útiles en el tamizaje y las pruebas de confirmación. La técnica de Ouchterlony mostró que - en comparación con otras proteínas - la SpLA tenía el grado más alto de reactividad con los sueros animales y las inmunoglobulinas purificadas, mientras que la SpL fue la menos reactiva. Con el ELISA directo, la SpL reaccionó con los sueros de mapache, la IgG de conejo, así como con la IgY de palomas y gallinas de Bantam, en tanto con el ELISA directo, la SpA reaccionó con sueros de mofeta, coyote, mapache, mula, asno y seres humanos. ELISA "sándwich" reveló una alta reactividad tanto de SpG como de SpLA, con títulos séricos mamíferos que iban desde 1:32 (suero de mapache) hasta 1:1024 (sueros de mula y de asno). Estos resultados sugieren que la proteína de unión IBP puede usarse en la detección de la inmunoglobulina usando varios ensayos inmunológicos, lo cual es importante para el diagnóstico de enfermedades infecciosas en las poblaciones animales y aviarias bajo estudio, así como para la purificación de inmunoglobulinas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Bacterial Proteins/immunology , Birds/immunology , Immunoglobulins/biosynthesis , Chromatography, Affinity , Immunoenzyme Techniques/methods , Mammals/immunology , Recombinant Proteins/immunology , Carrier Proteins/immunology , Communicable Diseases/diagnosis
2.
West Indian med. j ; 55(5): 330-333, Oct. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-501001

ABSTRACT

In this descriptive study, individual structured interviews were conducted on a random sample of 35 men and 98 women from a population (n = 510) of clinic patients. Open questions sought to determine the extent of knowledge, motivation and barriers to lifestyle changes for control of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Jamaican adults. These were coded into themes and described. Other data were analysed using SPSS. Men (61.8 +/- 14.8 years) were older than women (54.9 +/- 13.7 years) and demonstrated less knowledge (p = 0.006). The respondents (71%) indicated the need for more education. Barriers to lifestyle changes and glycaemic control included a low education level (64%), inadequate knowledge (80%), lack of perceived risk (80.4%) and lack of self-monitoring (93%). Only 23% were controlled to HbA1c < or = 6.5%. The patients' reference to the physicians as a primary source of information indicated the need for a collaborative team approach, and the incorporation of diabetes education as an indispensable service at this clinic.


En este estudio descriptivo, se realizaron entrevistas estructuradas individuales a una muestra aleatoria de 35 hombres y 98 mujeres de una población (n = 510) de pacientes clínicos. Las preguntas abiertas buscaban determinar la extensión de los conocimientos, la motivación, y los obstáculos a los cambios en el estilo de vida para el control de la diabetes mellitus (DM) en adultos jamaicanos. Estas fueron codificadas en forma de temas, y descritas. Otros datos fueron analizados usando el paquete estadístico SPSS. Los hombres (61.8 ±14.8 años) fueron mayores que las mujeres (54.9 ± 13.7 años) y demostraron menos conocimientos (p = 0.006). Los respondientes (71%) indicaron la necesidad de más educación. Los obstáculos a los cambios en el estilo de vida y el control glicémico, incluyeron un bajo nivel educacional (64%), conocimientos inadecuados (80%), falta de percepción de riesgos (80.4%) y falta de auto-monitoreo (93%). Sólo el 23% se mantenían bajo un control de HbA1c # 6.5%. La referencia de los pacientes a los médicos como fuente primaria de información indicó la necesidad de un enfoque colaborativo en equipo, y de la incorporación de la educación para la diabetes como un servicio indispensable en esta clínica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , /prevention & control , /psychology , /epidemiology , Interviews as Topic , Life Style , Jamaica/epidemiology , Motivation
3.
West Indian med. j ; 55(4): 232-236, Sept. 2006.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-472123

ABSTRACT

Appropriate self-care practices, including nutrition and medication compliance, are essential to satisfactory control of diabetes mellitus (DM). This descriptive study assesses self-care practices, and their relationships to glycaemic control in adults with DM in Jamaica. A pre-tested structured interview and anthropometric measurements were carried out on 98 women and 35 men, randomly selected from a population (n = 510) of adult clinic patients. HbA1c was used as the index of glycaemic control. Self-care practice scores indicated the extent of compliance with appropriate lifestyle practices. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Men (median age, 62 years) were significantly older (z = -2.64, p = 0.008) than the women (55 years). The median duration of DM was: men, seven years; women: 10.5 years. Sixty-nine per cent were being treated with insulin. Only 45reported full compliance with medications. Their median body mass index (BMI) was 29.1, (16.6-47.4) kg/m2. Eighty-one per cent were overweight or obese. Forty-six per cent described diet and/or obesity as contributing to their diabetes. Eighty-five per cent had consulted a dietitian but only 56.4reported being on a [quot ]special diet[quot ]. Only 16.5reported not taking any sugar. Self-care scores were inversely related to HbA1c(p = 0.008), BMI (p = 0.001), sugar intake (p = 0.005) and were lowest in the area of weight control and exercise. Only 23had blood glucose controlled to HbA1c < or = 6.5. In women, HbA1clevels were inversely related to compliance with medication (p = 0.004). Glycaemic control in adults with diabetes mellitus is related to their self-care practices, especially weight control, exercise and medication compliance.


Las prácticas apropiadas de autocuidado, incluyendo cumplir con los requerimientos de la nutrición y la medicación, son esenciales para el control satisfactorio de la diabetes mellitus (DM). Este estudio descriptivo evalúa las prácticas de autocuidado, y sus relaciones con el control glicémico en adultos con DM en Jamaica. Una entrevista estructurada, previamente probada, así como mediciones antropométricas, fueron llevadas a cabo en 98 mujeres y 35 hombres, seleccionados aleatoriamente de una población (n = 510) de pacientes de una clínica de adultos. La prueba HbA1c se usó como índice de control glicémico. Las puntuaciones de la práctica de autocontrol indicaron el grado de conformidad con prácticas de estilo de vida apropiadas. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el denominado Paquete Estadístico para la Ciencias Sociales (SPSS). Los hombres (edad mediana, 62 años) eran significativamente mayores (z = -2.64, p = 0.008) que las mujeres (55 años). La duración mediana de la DM fue como sigue: los hombres, siete años; las mujeres 10.5 años. El sesenta y nueve por ciento fue tratado con insulina. Sólo el 45% reportó cumplimiento total con los medicamentos. El índice de la masa mediana de su cuerpo (BMI) fue 29.1 (16.6–47.4) kg/m. El ochenta y uno por ciento resultaró estar por encima del peso o ser obesos. El cuarenta y seis por ciento describió la dieta y/o la obesidad como factores que contribuían a su diabetes. El ochenta y cinco por ciento había consultado a un dietista, pero sólo el 56.4% reportó estar haciendo una "dieta especial". Sólo el 16.5% reportó no estar ingiriendo azúcar ninguna. Las puntuaciones de autocuidados se hallaron en proporción inversa al por ciento resultante de la prueba HbA1c% (p = 0.008), BMI (p = 0.001), ingestión de azúcar (p = 0.005) y fueron los más bajos en el área de control de peso y ejercicios. Sólo el 23% tenía la glucosa en sangre controlada en correspondencia con HbA1c # 6.5%. En las mujeres, los niveles de...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Self Care/standards , Patient Compliance , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Blood Glucose/analysis , Interviews as Topic , Anthropometry , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Jamaica , Health Care Surveys
4.
West Indian med. j ; 54(6): 355-359, Dec. 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-472804

ABSTRACT

Choline is an essential nutrient for humans and its availability during pregnancy is important for optimal fetal development. The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine in the United States of America has set the adequate choline intake during pregnancy at 450 mg/day. There is limited data available on normal plasma choline concentrations in pregnancy. Moreover, there are neither documented studies of choline intake among pregnant women in the Jamaican population nor of free plasma choline concentrations during pregnancy. Sixteen women presenting to the antenatal clinic of the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) at 10-15 weeks of gestation were selected for this pilot study. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to estimate frequency of consumption of foods rich in choline. Fasting blood samples were collected by venepuncture and plasma assayed for choline using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization isotopic dilution mass spectrometry. Most of the women reported consumption of diets that delivered less than the recommended choline intake (mean +/- SEM, 278.5 +/- 28.9 mg). Mean plasma choline concentration was 8.4 +/- 0.4 micromol/L. This falls below the normal concentration (10 micromol/L) reported for individuals that are not pregnant and pregnant (14.5 micromol/L). The results of this study may be an indication that the choline included in the diet of pregnant women in Jamaica may not be adequate to meet both the needs of the mother and fetus and that further studies are warranted to determine clinical implications.


La colina es un nutriente esencial para los seres humanos y su disponibilidad durante el embarazo es importante para el óptimo desarrollo del feto. La Junta de Alimentos y Nutrición (Food and Nutrition Board) del Instituto de Medicina de los Estados Unidos ha establecido que la ingestión de colina durante el embarazo debe ser 450 mg/día. Los datos disponibles sobre concentraciones de colina en plasma durante el embarazo son limitados. Por otro lado, no existen estudios documentados sobre la ingestión de colina entre las mujeres embarazadas en la población de Jamaica, ni sobre las concentraciones libres de colina en plasma durante el embarazo. Dieciséis mujeres que se presentaron a la clínica de atención prenatal del Hospital Universitario de West Indies entre las 10–15 semanas de gestación, fueron seleccionadas para este estudio piloto. Se aplicó un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria a fin de estimar la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ricos en colina. Se recogieron muestras de sangre en ayunas mediante venopuntura, y se sometió el plasma a análisis en busca de colina, usando la espectrometría de masa de dilución isotópica, ionización por electrospray y cromatografía líquida. La mayoría de las mujeres reportaron consumo de dietas que suministrabanmenos de los niveles de ingestion de colina recomendados (media ± SEM, 278.5 ± 28.9 mg). La concentracion media de colina en plasma fue 8.4 ± 0.4 mmoles/L. Esto se halla por debajo de la concentracion normal (10 mmoles/L) reportado tanto para no embrazadas como para embarazadas (14.5 mmoles/L). Concluimos que los resultados de este estudio pueden ser una indicacion de que los niveles de colina incluidos en la dieta de las mujeres en estado de gestacion en Jamaica no son adecuados para satisfacer las necesidades ni de la madre ni del feto, y que vale la pena la realizacion de estudios ulteriores al objeto de determinar las implicaciones clinicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Choline/blood , Diet , Nutritional Status , Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Food Analysis , Choline/administration & dosage , Jamaica , Nutritional Requirements , Pilot Projects , Surveys and Questionnaires
5.
West Indian med. j ; 48(2): 61-68, Jun. 1999.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-473110

ABSTRACT

Blood pressure levels in adults and children are related to body size and composition, but some of these relationships are unclear and they have been incompletely described in the Jamaican population. In a cross-sectional survey of 2,332 school children (6-16 years old; 1,046 boys, 1,286 girls), we measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate, and explored their relationship to weight, height, and waist, hip and mid-upper arm circumferences. The effect of these and other derived measures of body composition on blood pressure was explored in univariate and multivariate analysis. Blood pressure increased with age in both boys and girls, although the increase was greater for systolic than for diastolic blood pressure. The increase of systolic blood pressure among boys continued after age 11 years, but that for girls levelled off. Height and weight were the major predictors of blood pressure, but were highly correlated with each other and with all measures of body composition. Age, height and height-sex interaction explained 11.4of systolic blood pressure variation, and the largest incremental contribution to this model was provided by the addition of body mass index or hip circumference, each explaining an additional 2.6of the variance. Lean body mass made a larger contribution to blood pressure than percent fatness. Blood pressure in Jamaican children rises with age and this rise may be steeper in boys than girls. Blood pressure variation is significantly related to several measures of body composition including measures of fatness and fat free mass.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Body Composition/physiology , Body Constitution/physiology , Arterial Pressure/physiology , Anthropometry , Multivariate Analysis , Analysis of Variance , Arm/anatomy & histology , Child , Diastole , Body Height , Cross-Sectional Studies , Age Factors , Sex Factors , Jamaica , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology , Body Weight , Pulse , Hip/anatomy & histology , Systole , Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology , Body Mass Index
6.
West Indian med. j ; 47(supl.4): 40-44, Dec. 1998.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-473374

ABSTRACT

Mortality statistics show that there has been a significant change in the leading causes of death in Jamaica over the last 50 years, characterized by a decrease in the infectious diseases and those due to undernutrition and an increase in the non-communicable diseases. The various patterns of this epidemiological transition worldwide are outlined and the characteristics of this 'new' epidemic are discussed. Data are presented from the findings of the recent multi-country study of hypertension and diabetes, including Jamaica, which shows that as the body mass index (BMI) increases across the African diaspora, so does the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Among the Jamaican population studied, the prevalence of hypertension was 19.1among males and 28.2among females. Reported prevalence of previously diagnosed diabetes was 5.3in men and 10.4in females. The gender differences are in part explained by the differences in mean BMI which were 23.8 and 27.9, respectively, for males and females. 30.6of males and 64.7of females were either overweight or obese, with obesity prevalent in 7.2of the males and 31.5of the females studied. The increasing prevalence of obesity across the Caribbean is cause for concern as it significantly impacts on the demand for health and medical care. The identification of these reversible risk factors should be used to inform public policy to tackle what will be a growing concern.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Chronic Disease , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Risk Factors , Jamaica/epidemiology , Mortality , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Caribbean Region/epidemiology , Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Body Mass Index
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL